Intrathecal treatment with sigma-1 receptor antagonists reduces formalin-induced phosphorylation of NMDA receptor subunit 1 and the second phase of formalin test in mice.

Br J Pharmacol 148, 490-498, (2006). Kim, H. W., Kwon, Y. B., Roh, D. H., Yoon, S. Y., Han, H. J., Beitz, A. J., et al. View abstract in PubMed

Cocaine-induced HIV-1 expression in microglia involves sigma-1 receptors and transforming growth factor-beta1.

Int Immunopharmacol 6, 1029-1033, (2006). Gekker, G., Hu, S., Sheng, W. S., Rock, R. B., Lokensgard, J. R., & Peterson, P. K. View abstract in PubMed