Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the leading cause of death for women aged 40-44. It is second to lung cancer as the leading cause of all cancer deaths in women. The incidence of breast cancer increases rapidly with age until menopause, after which time it increases more slowly with advancing years. Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that develops from the uncontrolled growth of breast tissue cells. These cells can then metastasize to other areas of the body via the lymph nodes and later spread beyond regional nodes to distant sites in the body. Though almost entirely found in women, a very small percentage of the cases (under 1%) are discovered in men. Age is a predetermining factor in most incidences of breast cancer, with sex hormones, genetics and ethnicity being important factors. incidence of breast cancer increases rapidly with age until menopause, after which it increases more slowly with advancing years. By year 2015 it is calculated that the incidence of the disease will be 470,000 and the prevalence 2,150,000 individuals in the major 7 markets. The Estimated Breast cancer market by 2015 is $ 5,730 million

ANAVEX 30-1022 AND ANAVEX 40-1042
ANAVEX 30-1022 has shown better cytotoxic and cytostatic properties in cell cultures of breast cancer. The proposed mechanism of action involves modulatory sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptor properties, control over the voltage-gated sodium channels and volume regulating chloride channels and M3 muscarinic receptor antagonism. Toxicological studies in mice have shown no evidence of adverse events usually observed with conventional anti-cancer drugs. These bioactive compounds have shown evidence of pro-apoptotic properties in cancer cells (in vitro). Further preclinical in vivo studies are currently being conducted using specialized animal models (i.e. in immunodeficient mice) to further assess and analyze potential activity on the inhibition/ prevention of tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis and cell proliferation for the above compounds and related derivatives.